The H2G2 Calendar – 10 – October
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1
1908 – The first Ford Model T rolls off the production line and starts off a new way of mass-producing cars that would make motoring affordable to the general public.
1943 – US singer and songwriter Jim Croce, best known for the song ‘Bad, Bad Leroy Brown’, is born as the eldest son of an Italian family.
1957 – The tranquiliser Thalidomide is first marketed, which leads to birth defects in thousands of children worldwide.
1958 – The NASA is created.
1969 – The Beatles’ 11th and penultimate album Abbey Road is released in the USA.
1982 – Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as chancellor of Germany.
1982 – Sony launches the first consumer compact disc player (model CDP-101).
2
1452 – King Richard III of England is born (d. 1485).
1869 – On this day, Mahatma Gandhi, Pacifist and Political Activist, is born.
1889 – In Colorado, USA, Nicholas Creede strikes it rich during the last great silver boom of the Old West, leaving the legacy of the town of Creede.
1890 – Julius Henry Marx – AKA Groucho Marx – is born.
1950 – The Peanuts comic strip has its very first appearance in a couple of newspapers.
3
610 – Future Emperor Heraclius and his fleet arrive at Byzantium.
1778 – British captain James Cook anchors in Alaska.
1896 – William Morris, the English designer, writer, poet and politician, dies (b. 1834).
1941 – Singer Chubby Checker is born as Ernest Evans in Spring Gulley, South Carolina.
1993 – During a military mission, the ‘Black Hawk’ helicopters crash in Mogadishu, Somalia.
2005 – Famous British comedian Ronald William George Barker, or Ronnie Barker for short, dies.
4
1777 – During the American Revolutionary War, the Battle of Germantown begins on this day in Pennsylvania.
1830 – Belgium is created with its separation from The Netherlands.
1930 – The British Imperial Ai… R101 crashes over Beauvais, France, effectively ending the British airship development.
1957 – Earth’s first artificial satellite Sputnik is lauched.
1975 – A Cessna 310Q airplane crashes over Wilmington, North Carolina, USA, killing the pilot and severely injuring several pro-wrestlers.
5
1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, this day was skipped in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
1914 – World War I witnesses the first aerial combat to result in a kill.
1918 – Tennis player and aviation pioneer Roland Garros dies in an air crash when he is shot down at Vouziers, Ardennes during WWI.
1962 – The Beatles’ first single ‘Love me do’ is released.
1969 – Monty Python’s first episode is aired on British television.
1999 – 31 people lose their lives and more than 500 are injured in a London rail disaster when a three carriage diesel service travelling from London Paddington to Bedwyn and a high speed train travelling from Cheltenham Spa to London Paddington collide on the Ladbroke Grove points crossing.
6
1600 – Jacopo Peri’s Euridice, the earliest surviving opera, premieres in Florence, signifying the beginning of the Baroque period.
1889 – Thomas Edison shows his first motion picture.
1893 – Indian physicist Meghnad Saha is born in the village of Seoratali, near Dhaka in Bangladesh.
1914 – Ethnologist Thor Heyerdahl is born in Larvik, Norway.
1969 – Protests against the war in Vietnam escalate into the ‘Days of Rage’.
1976 – All of the Cuban national fencing team die in an air crash, when bombs explode aboard their Cuban Airlines DC-8.
1993 – Aviation legend ‘Lawn Chair’ Larry … commits suicide by shooting himself in the heart.
1995 – 51 Pegasi becomes the first major star to be discovered, apart from the Sun, that has a planet (and extrasolar planet) orbiting it.
7
1879 – Joe Hill is born in Gefle, Sweden.
1968 – Thom Yorke, singer with the UK band Radiohead, is born.
1985 – The Mediterranean cruise ship Achille Lauro departs from Alexandria and is hijacked on the same day.
2000 – England’s national football stadium, Wembley, sees its last competitive match before being demolished, rebuilt and re-opened in 2007. England lost 1:0 to Germany.
8
1944 – In World War II, the Battle of Crucifix Hill begins just outside Aachen, Germany. The US troops win.
1952 – 114 people die and 340 are injured in the worst London rail disaster to date, at Harrow & Wealdstowe when an express train coming from Perth crashes into the back of a local train.
1967 – Cuba’s revolutionary Che Guevara is captured by the Bolivian army.
2005 – The Kashmir earthquake hits Pakistan.
9
1937 – Actor Brian Blessed is born in Mexborough, Yorkshire.
1973 – Elvis and Priscilla Presley are divorced.
1940 – In World War II, St Paul’s Cathedral in London, England, is hit by a bomb in a nighttime air raid by the German Luftwaffe.
1967 – Che Guevara, the Argentine revolutionary and guerilla leader, is executed.
2006 – North Korea tests its first nuclear device, allegedly.
10
1923 – Commentator Extraor… is born in Birmingham.
1973 – US Vice President Spiro Agnew resigns after charges of tax evasion.
1969 – King Crimson release their debut album, In the Court of the Crimson King, considered by many to be the first progressive rock album.
1971 – London Bridge, having been sold, dismantled and moved from England to the United States, reopens in Lake Havasu City, Arizona.
2004 – Actor Christopher Reeve dies from heart failure.
11
1811 – The HMS Pomone shipwrecks near the Isle of Wight because of human error.
1954 – In the First Indochina War, the Viet Minh take control of North Vietnam.
1957 – Celebrated comedienne and actress Dawn French is born in Holyhead, Wales.
1982 – The Mary Rose, a Tudor gunship that sunk in 1545, is raised from the sea bed in the Solent Channel, near Portsmouth, UK.
1984 – Three people are killed and 17 injured in a London rail disaster when two trains collide just south of Wembley Central station.
12
1492 – Christopher Columbus ‘discovers’ America.
1875 – Aleister Crowley, the English occultist and author, is born (d. 1947).
1940 – During the London Air Raid, seven people die when a World War 2 bomb hits the Trafalgar Square station of the London Underground.
1994 – NASA loses radio contact with the Magellan spacecraft as the probe descends into the thick atmosphere of Venus.
1997 – US singer/songwriter John Denver dies in an air crash near Pacific Grove, California, when he was piloting his Rutan Long EZ.
13
1307 – Simultaneous arrests of Knights Templars all across France.
1660 – General Thomas Harrison, having played an incriminating role in the execution of King Charles I, is executed at Charing Cross.
1884 – Greenwich, London, is established as the universal time meridian of longitude.
1908 – Suffragettes, led by Emmeline Pankhurst attempt to storm the British Parliament.
1940 – During the London Air Raid, highly explosive World War 2 bombs hit the Paddington Praed street station of the London Underground.
1972 – The ‘Old Christians’ rugby team of Stella Maris College, Montevideo, Uruguay is caught up in an air crash, when their plane crashes into a remote snow-covered area in the Andes. It’s a Friday 13th.
1990 – Syrian forces remove general Michel Aoun from the presidential palace and effectively end the war in the Lebanon.
14
1066 – William the Conqueror invades Britain in the Battle of Hastings.
1644 – William Penn, the English founder of Pennsylvania, USA, is born.
1890 – President Dwight D Eisenhower is born in Denison, Texas.
1940 – During the London Air Raid, 68 people die when a World War 2 bomb destroys the road above one of the London Underground Northern Line platforms at Balham.
1999 – Irish Tenor Josef Locke dies aged 82.
1977 – Singer and Actor Bing Crosby dies from a heart attack during a golfing holiday to Madrid.
1981 – Amnesty International charges the USA government with holding Richard Marshall of the American Indian Movement as a political prisoner, citing official misconduct in the investigation and trial.
15
1881 – Writer PG Wodehouse is born.
1946 – At the Nuremberg Trials, the Nazi Hermann Göring poisons himself the night before his execution.
1948 – Singer/Songwriter Chris de Burgh is born in Argentina.
1951 – The Mexican chemist Luis Miramontes creates the first oral contraceptive.
1967 – In an attempt to exorcise it of evil spirits, 50,000 demonstrators try to levitate the Pentagon.
16 17
1781 – General Cornwallis orders the British troups to surrender to the US in the American Revolutionary War.
1931 – The US gangster Al Capone is convicted of income tax evasion.
2000 – Four people are killed and 70 are injured in a London rail disaster at Hatfield when an express train derails due to a broken track.
2003 – An eastbound Piccadilly line London Underground train derails just after calling at Hammersmith station, due to a broken track section.
2007 – The Dalai Lama receives the USA’s congressional gold medal.
18
1016 – The Danes defeat the Saxons at the Battle of Ashingdon.
1867 – Alaska is acquired by USA from Russia.
1904 – Gustav Mahler’s purely instrumental 5th Symphony premieres in Cologne, Germany.
1926 – Rock’n’Roll pioneer Charles Edward Anderson Berry, better known as Chuck Berry, is born in St Louis, Missouri as one of six children, two older and three younger.
1931 – Thomas Edison, the US inventor, dies.
2000 – British comedian Ivan Owen dies.
19
1216 – King John of England dies.
1453 – The French recapture Bordeaux, bringing the Hundred Years’ War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.
1911 – Eugene Ely loses his life in an air crash during a demonstration flight with his Wright Flyer at the Georgia State Fair.
1940 – First recorded snowfall in Pennsyl…, USA.
1986 – Mozambique’s political leader Samora Machel dies in an air crash returning from a congress in Zambia approaching Maputo airport.
1991 – Oasis play their first live gig at the Manchester Boardwalk.
2003 – Beatification of Mother Theresa.
20
1953 – US Musician Tom Petty is born in Gainsville, Florida.
1968 – Former US first lady Jacqueline Kennedy marries Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis.
1971 – The Nepal stock exchange collapses.
1977 – Three band members of the band Lynyrd Skynyrd, undisputed kings of Southern Rock, die in an air crash near Gillsburg, Mississippi.
21
1805 – Admiral Nelson defeats the French and Spanish fleets in the Battle of Trafalgar.
1879 – Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric incandescent light bulb (it lasted 13˝ hours before burning out).
1966 – 144 people die, mostly children, in the Aberfan Disaster.
1833 – Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize, is born (d. 1896).
1989 – The first collection of ‘Dilbert’ books is published.
22
1797 – From 1,000 metres (3,200 feet) above Paris, France, André-Jacques Garnerin makes the first recorded parachute jump.
1878 – The first rugby match under floodlights takes place in Salford, UK, between Broughton and Swinton.
1969 – Led Zeppelin’s ‘Whole Lotta Love’ is released.
1996 – Insurance tycoon and sponsor of the London football club Chelsea Matthew Harding dies in an air crash when his helicopter crashes near Middlewich, Cheshire.
23
1642 – During the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell’s army fights the Royalists of Charles I in the Battle of Edge Hill.
1940 – Pelé, the legendary Brazilian footballer, is born.
1956 – The Budapest protests against the Russian occupation begin.
1982 – TV show Star Fleet first airs in the UK.
2001 – The first Apple iPod is announced.
2004 – A powerful earthquake hits Niigata, northern Japan, killing 35 people, injuring 2,200, and leaving 85,000 homeless or evacuated.
24
1601 – Danish astronomer (also alchemist, astrologer, elk-owner, prosthetic nose-wearer and nobleman) Tycho Brahe dies from an infection of his bladder.
1857 – Sheffield FC becomes the world’s first football club, in Sheffield, England.
1947 – 32 People are killed in a London rail disaster at South Croydon due to human error.
1961 – During the Cuban Missile Crisis, President Kennedy announces the blockade of Cuba.
1995 – A total solar eclipse is visible from Iran, India, Thailand, and other parts of South-east Asia.
25
1415 – Henry V of England’s army defeats the French at the Battle of Agincourt.
1875 – Tchaikovsky’s Piano… premieres in Boston, during Hans von Bülow’s American Tour.
1951 – The Panmunjom peace talks begin, which eventually leads to the end of the Korean War.
1955 – The Japanese girl Sadako dies aged 12, leaving the legacy of peace cranes.
1999 – US golfer Payne Steward, known for his flamboyant dress sense, dies in an air crash near Aberdeen, South Dakota.
2001 – Microsoft’s Windows XP becames available.
26
899 – Alfred the Great, king of Wessex, dies.
1783 – Mozart’s Mass in C …, considered such a great musical work that it is called the ‘Great Mass’, is first performed.
1905 – Norway gains independence from Sweden.
1956 – As an answer to the Hungarian Uprising, Soviet tanks are sent into Budapest.
2004 – Respected radio DJ and champion of new music for over 30 years John Peel dies at the age of 64.
27
1914 – Welsh poet Dylan Thomas is born in Swansea, South Wales.
1954 – TV show ‘Disneyland’ is first broadcast, featuring The Ballad of Davy Crockett.
1984 – Kelly Osbourne, the British celebrity daughter of rocker Ozzy Osbourne, is born.
2002 – The ITV television network stops airing a constant regional service in England and Wales. The national ITV1 is formed, with regional references only before regional programmes.
28
1347 – The first documented Great Peal of Bells in Frankfurt, Germany takes place in honour of the then recently deceased Louis IV of Bavaria, Holy Roman Emperor.
1949 – French virtuose violonist Ginette Neveu dies in an air crash when her Air France Lockheed Constellation crashes into a mountainside while approaching San Miguel Island in the Azores.
1971 – UK satellite Prospero is launched into a polar orbit.
1982 – The Socialist Workers’ Party wins the Spanish elections, leading to the first Socialist government after the death of Franco.
1998 – The British poet Ted Hughes dies (b. 1930).
29
1891 – Comedienne Fanny Brice is born Fania Borach to Hungarian Jewish immigrant parents on the Lower East Side in New York.
1956 – During the Suez Crisis, Israel invades Egypt.
1956 – The Tangiers Protocol is signed, reintegrated the city of Tangiers into Morocco.
2005 – Bomb blasts in Delhi, India, kill more than 60 people.
30
1485 – The coronation of King Henry VII takes place.
1883 – The first ever terror attack happens on the London Underground when a bomb explodes between Charing Cross and Westminster stations, and a second explosion follows at Paddington Praed Street, injuring over 60 people.
1944 – Anne Frank and sister, Margot, are deported from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
1946 – The first episode of one of the first ever children’s TV shows Muffin the Mule is aired.
1960 – Football legend Diego Armando Maradona is born in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
1960 – Michael Woodruff performs the first successful kidney transplant in the UK, at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.
31
Every Year – On the day before All Saints Day, Halloween is celebrated in many countries worldwide.
1892 – Arthur Conan Doyle publishes The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes .
1940 – The Battle of Britain ends, with the UK preventing a German invasion.
1963 – Johnny Marr, best known as guitarist with The Smiths, is born.
1968 – President Johnson announces a complete halt of US bombing of North Vietnam.
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